National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 20051231 remote-sensing image Fairbanks, AK Geographic Information Network of Alaska (GINA), Geophysical Institute, Univeristy of Alaska-Fairbanks http://mms.gina.alaska.edu The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data set is comprised of data collected by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) AVHRR sensors and held in the archives of the International Observatory of the North (ION) at the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF). Carried aboard the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite series, the AVHRR sensor is a broad-band, 4- or 5-channel scanning radiometer, sensing in the visible, near-infrared, and thermal infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. ION houses AVHRR High Resolution Picture Transmission (HRPT) data and Local Area Coverage (LAC) data. The HRPT data are full resolution image data transmitted to a ground station as they are collected, while LAC data (also full resolution data) are recorded with an onboard tape recorder for subsequent transmission during a station overpass. The objective of the AVHRR instrument is to provide radiance data for investigation of clouds, land-water boundaries, snow and ice extent, ice or snow melt inception, day and night cloud distribution, temperatures of radiating surfaces, and sea surface temperature. AVHRR data in the Visible and thermal-IR channels allow for discrimination between young and old ice which is important for lead detection. The average instantaneous field-of-view (IFOV) of 1.4 milliradians yields a LAC/HRPT ground resolution of approximately 1.1 km at the satellite nadir from the nominal orbit altitude of 833 km (517 mi). These satellite data were acquired and processed by the University of Alaska Fairbanks to meet contract requirements for the US Mineral Management Service: Mapping and Characterization of Recurring Spring Leads and Landfast ice in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas (AK-03-06). For the purposes of the MMS study, the file names associated with Band 1 data (visual) are prefixed with a "v" and Band 4 files (thermal) prefixed with a "t". The day of the year, hour and minutes are incorporated in the file names. For descriptive purposes the following abbreviations are used as placeholders for real values to illustrate the naming convention: d = day of year Y = Year T = time in GMT A Band 1 image follows this convention: v d d d _T T T T.tif A Band 4 image follows this convention: t d d d _T T T T.tif Examples of these file names are v015_1012.tif and t015_1012.tif 1993unknown2004unknown ground condition Complete Unknown -164.176389 -129.978654 73.947199 68.481395 ArcIMS Metadata Server Theme Codes imagery environmentlocationoceans Dictionary of Alaska Place Names Arctic Ocean Chukchi Sea Beaufort Sea North Slope Alaska Canada Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Thesaurussea ice None. Any hardcopies or published datasets utilizing these data sets shall clearly indicate their source. If the user has modified the data in any way they are obligated to describe the types of modifications that they have performed. User specifically agrees not to misrepresent these datasets, nor to imply that any changes that they made were approved by the University of Alaska. Geophysical Institute Dr. Hajo Eicken Principal Investigator mailing and physical address

903 Koyukuk Drive

Fairbanks Alaska 99775 USA 907.474.7280 hajo.eicken@gi.alaska.edu 907-474-7290 *.jpg Low resolution thumbnail image JPEG Microsoft Windows 2000 Version 5.0 (Build 2195) Service Pack4; ESRI ArcCatalog 8.3.0800 The funding for this effort was provided by the US Mineral Management Service for Mapping and Characterization of Recurring Spring Leads and Landfast ice in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas (AK-03-06, MMS-71707)Raster Data set Each file was visually checked in an image browser to confirm placement and projection definition. Complete. ION uses satellite navigation and attitude parameters for scene navigation (with additional ground control) to produce adequate results (with errors <3 km) for geolocated AVHRR imagery. 3000 Visual interpretation, distance measurement tools High Resolution Picture Transmission (HRPT) data are full resolution image data transmitted to UAF's ground station at the International Observatory of the North (ION) as they are collected. 200504 Kevin Engle University of Alaska Fairbanks, International Observatory of the North, Geophysical Institute Research Programmer and Receiving Station Manager mailing address

PO Box 757320

Fairbanks AK 99775-7320 USA (907)474-5569 kengle@gina.alaska.edu business hours Contact Instructions: Email preferred. Dr. Hajo Eicken University of Alaska Fairbanks, Geophysical Institute Principal Investigatormailing and physical address

903 Koyukuk Dr., P.O. Box 757320

Fairbanks AK99775-7320 USA907-474-7280907-474-7290 hajo.eicken@gi.alaska.edu AVHRR data was geolocated, calibrated and reprojected in GeoTIFF format using TeraScan software. A coast mask is applied in ENVI. The fraction of leads within each pixel is then determined based on the brightness temperatures or reflectances of open water and the surrounding thick ice, as described by Lindsay and Rothrock (Arctic sea ice leads from advanced very high resolution radiometer images. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100(C3), 4533-4544, 1995). Here, we have corrected for regional differences in surface temperature and reflectance as well as thin cloud cover by determining the fraction of leads within a moving 50 by 50 pixel (55 x 55 km) square window, with the fraction of thick ice based on the upper and lower quartile reflectance and brightness temperature, respectively. For a few cases of more expansive stretches of open water, manual adjustments of open water extent have been made. The resulting image indicating the fraction of open water is then binarized about a threshold corresponding to an open water fraction of 25% in each pixel, with pixels containing less open water designated as ice and those at or above 25% designated as leads. This information is then brought into NIH Image for derivation of lead location, shape and size statistics, open water fractions and other information for the different study subregions. 200504 Raster Pixel 626 1060 1 Albers Conical Equal Area 55.000000 65.000000 -154.000000 50.000000 0.000000 0.000000 row and column 1.000000 1.000000 meters North American Datum of 1983 Geodetic Reference System 80 6378137.000000 298.257222 Band_1; Band_4 Visual; Thermal NOAA ObjectID Internal feature number. ESRI Object IdentifierInternal Feature Number for Raster DataComputed Unknown Value Cell Value ESRIValueInternal Feature Number for Raster DataComputed ESRI UAF Geographic Information Network of Alaska (GINA) Dr. Virgil (Buck) Sharpton President's Professor of Remote Sensing mailing and physical address

903 Koyukuk Drive

Fairbanks Alaska 99775-7320 USA 907.474.6663 buck.sharpton@gina.alaska.edu 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. AST Downloadable Data The University of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties of merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, function, or capabilities of the electronic services or products or their appropriateness for any users purposes. In no event will the University of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products, any failure thereof or otherwise, and in no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product. GeoTiff 200301101 AVHRR Level 1b http://ion.gina.alaska.edu/sv/http://mms.gina.alaska.edu none 1972 unknown 0.074 http://www.gina.alaska.edu web browser varies AVHRR data from 1985-present may be obtained from the Geographic Information Network of Alaska (GINA) at the Unviersity of Alaska Fairbanks. Data for previous years (1972-1985) may be obtained from the UAF's GeoData Center. These early data are available in transparency format from the GeoData Center archive. These can be scanned and made available on CD-ROM for a small fee. 20040915 Nuna Technologies Allison Graves Gaylord Owner/GIS Specialist mailing address

P.O. Box 1483

Homer Alaska 99603-1483 USA 907.399.1120 nunatech@usa.net 907.235.3476Email Preferred. FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time None. If the user has modified the data in any way they are obligated to describe the types of modifications they have performed in the supporting metadata file. User specifically agrees not to imply that changes they made were approved by the University of Alaska. None. Unclassified None. http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html ESRI Metadata Profile Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Count Cell Count ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. 2003111816575000TRUEPublished2005041413112900{9242BC36-1688-4CB4-B67C-0C2E9C1444D3}20050414file://\\MALCOLMNEWLAP\M$\Export\Metadata\remote_sensing_MM5Local Area Network